The network includes the M1a, M1b, M2, M3, M4 and M6 metro lines, the F1 and F2 funiculars and Marmaray. It keeps growing; newer lines such as the M11 airport line have opened since this article was written.
Take the M11 line, which connects Kağıthane on the European side with Istanbul Airport.
Yes. Marmaray runs through a tunnel under the Bosphorus and links the European and Asian sides of the city.